Amabhuleki padsyizinto ezihambisana nokushayisana ezigxilwe kusigubhu sebhuleki noma idiski ezungeza nesondo, lapho umugqa wokushayisana kanye ne-friction lining block ingaphansi kwengcindezi yangaphandle ukuze kukhiqizwe ukungqubuzana ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso yokuncipha kwemoto.
I-friction block yi-friction material ephushwa i-clamp piston bese icindezelai-brake disc, ngenxa yomphumela wokungqubuzana, i-friction block izogqokwa kancane kancane, ngokuvamile, izindleko eziphansi zama-brake pads zigqoka ngokushesha.I-friction block ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: i-friction material kanye ne-base plate.Ngemuva kokuthi i-friction material isigugile, i-base plate izothintana ngqo ne-brake disc, okuzogcina ilahlekelwe umphumela wokubhuleka futhi ilimaze i-brake disc, futhi izindleko zokulungisa i-brake disc zibiza kakhulu.
Ngokuvamile, izidingo eziyisisekelo zama-brake pads ziwukumelana nokugqoka, i-coefficient enkulu yokungqubuzana, kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokuvikela ukushisa.
Ngokwezindlela ezihlukene zokubhuleka ama-brake pads angahlukaniswa abe: ama-drum brake pads kanye nama-disc brake pads, ngokwezinto ezihlukene zamabhuleki amabhuleki ngokuvamile angahlukaniswa ngohlobo lwe-asbestos, uhlobo lwe-semi-metallic, uhlobo lwe-NAO (okungukuthi i-non-asbestos organic material type) ama-brake pads namanye amathathu.
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe besimanje, njengezinye izingxenye zesistimu yamabhuleki, amabhuleki ngokwawo abelokhu ethuthuka futhi eshintsha eminyakeni yamuva.
Enqubweni yokukhiqiza yendabuko, izinto zokungqubuzana ezisetshenziswa kuma-brake pads ziyinhlanganisela ye-adhesives ehlukahlukene noma izithasiselo, lapho imicu yengezwa khona ukuthuthukisa amandla abo futhi isebenze njengokuqiniswa.Abakhiqizi bama-brake pad bavame ukugcina imilomo yabo ivaliwe uma kukhulunywa ngesimemezelo sezinto ezisetshenziswayo, ikakhulukazi ukwakheka okusha.Umphumela wokugcina we-brake pad braking, ukumelana nokugqokwa, ukumelana nezinga lokushisa nezinye izakhiwo kuzoncika ekulinganiseni okuhlobene kwezingxenye ezahlukene.Okulandelayo ingxoxo emfushane yezinto ezihlukahlukene zama-brake pad.
Amabhuleki ohlobo lwe-Asbestos
I-asbestos ibisetshenziswa njengezinto zokuqinisa amabhuleki kusukela ekuqaleni.Imicu ye-asbestos inamandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ngakho-ke ingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zama-brake pads kanye nama-clutch discs nama-linings.Amafayibha anamandla amakhulu okudonsa, aze afane nalawo ensimbi yezinga eliphezulu, futhi akwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-316°C.Okubaluleke nakakhulu, i-asbestos ayibizi futhi ikhishwa ku-amphibole ore, etholakala ngobuningi emazweni amaningi.
I-asbestos ifakazelwe ngokwezokwelapha ukuthi iyinto edala umdlavuza.Imicu yayo efana nenaliti ingangena kalula emaphashini futhi ihlale lapho, ibangele ukucasuka futhi ekugcineni iholele ekubeni nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa isikhathi esifihlekile salesi sifo singathatha iminyaka eyi-15-30, ngakho abantu ngokuvamile abawuboni umonakalo obangelwa i-asbestos.
Inqobo nje uma imicu ye-asbestos ilungisiwe yi-friction material ngokwayo ngeke ibangele izingozi zezempilo kubasebenzi, kodwa lapho imicu ye-asbestos ikhululwa kanye nokushayisana kwamabhuleki ukuze kwakheke uthuli lwamabhuleki, ingaba uchungechunge lwemiphumela yezempilo.
Ngokokuhlola okwenziwa yi-American Occupational Safety and Health Association (OSHA), njalo lapho kuhlolwa ukungqubuzana okujwayelekile, amabhuleki azokhiqiza izigidi zemicu ye-asbestos ekhishelwa emoyeni, futhi imicu mincane kakhulu kunoboya bomuntu, okungabonakali ngeso lenyama, ngakho umoya ungase umunce izinkulungwane zemicu ye-asbestos ngaphandle kokuthi abantu bakuqaphele.Ngokufanayo, uma isigubhu samabhuleki noma izingxenye zebhuleki othulini lwamabhuleki ziphephuka ngepayipi lomoya, zingaba nemicu ye-asbestos engenakubalwa emoyeni, futhi lezi zithuli, ngeke nje zithinte impilo yomsebenzi umakhenikha, okufanayo kuzodala futhi. ukulimala kwezempilo kunoma yimuphi omunye umsebenzi okhona.Ngisho nezinye izinto ezilula kakhulu ezifana nokushaya isigubhu sebhuleki ngesando ukuze usikhulule futhi udedele uthuli lwamabhuleki angaphakathi, lungaphinda lukhiqize imicu eminingi ye-asbestos entanta emoyeni.Okukhathaza kakhulu ukuthi uma imicu isintanta emoyeni izohlala amahora amaningi bese inamathela ezingutsheni, amatafula, amathuluzi, nakho konke okunye ongakucabanga.Noma nini lapho behlangabezana nokunyakazisa (njengokuhlanza, ukuhamba, ukusebenzisa amathuluzi omoya ukuze kuphehle ukugeleza komoya), bazontanta babuyele emoyeni futhi.Ngokuvamile, uma le nto isingena endaweni yokusebenza, izohlala lapho izinyanga noma iminyaka, ibangele imiphumela yezempilo engaba khona kubantu abasebenza lapho ngisho nakumakhasimende.
I-American Occupational Safety and Health Association (OSHA) iphinde ithi kuphephile kuphela ukuthi abantu basebenze endaweni equkethe imicu ye-asbestos engaphezu kuka-0.2 ngemitha yesikwele, nokuthi uthuli lwe-asbestos oluvela emsebenzini wokulungisa amabhuleki kufanele luncishiswe futhi lusebenze. okungase kubangele ukukhululwa kothuli (njengokucofa amabhuleki amaphedi, njll.) kufanele kugwenywe ngangokunokwenzeka.
Kodwa ngaphezu kwesici esiyingozi empilweni, kunenye inkinga ebalulekile ngamabhuleki asekelwe ku-asbestos.Njengoba i-asbestos iyi-adiabatic, ukusebenza kwayo okushisayo kubi kakhulu, futhi ukusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe kwebhuleki ngokuvamile kuzobangela ukushisa kukhuphuke ku-brake pad.Uma ama-brake pads efinyelela izinga elithile lokushisa, amabhuleki azohluleka.
Lapho abakhiqizi bezimoto nabahlinzeki bempahla yamabhuleki benquma ukwenza ezinye izindlela ezintsha neziphephile esikhundleni se-asbestos, izinto ezintsha zokushayisana zadalwa cishe kanyekanye.Lezi izingxube "ze-semi-metallic" kanye namabhuleki e-non-asbestos organic (NAO) okuxoxwe ngawo ngezansi.
"Semi-metallic" hybrid brake pads
Ama-brake pads engxube ye-"semi-met" enziwa ikakhulukazi ngoboya bensimbi obumahhadla njengefayibha eqinisayo kanye nengxube ebalulekile.Kusukela ekubukekeni (imicu emihle nezinhlayiya) kulula ukuhlukanisa uhlobo lwe-asbestos kumabhuleki ohlobo lwe-non-asbestos organic (NAO), futhi nawo anozibuthe ngokwemvelo.
Amandla aphezulu kanye ne-thermal conductivity yoboya bensimbi benza amabhuleki ahlanganisiwe “e-semi-metallic” abe nezici zokubhuleka ezihlukile kunamaphedi e-asbestos endabuko.Okuqukethwe kwensimbi ephezulu nakho kushintsha izici zokushayisana kwephedi yebhuleki, ngokuvamile okusho ukuthi ibhuleki “i-semi-metallic” yebhuleki idinga ingcindezi yokubhuleka ephezulu ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela ofanayo wokubhuleka.Okuqukethwe kwensimbi ephezulu, ikakhulukazi emazingeni okushisa abandayo, nakho kusho ukuthi amaphedi azobangela ukuguga okukhulu kwamadiski noma izigubhu, kanye nokukhiqiza umsindo owengeziwe.
Inzuzo eyinhloko yama-brake pads “Semi-metal” amandla awo okulawula izinga lokushisa kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphakeme lokubhuleka, uma kuqhathaniswa nokusebenza okungekuhle kokudlulisa ukushisa kohlobo lwe-asbestos kanye nekhono lokupholisa elimpofu lama-brake disc nezigubhu.Ukushisa kudluliselwa ku-caliper kanye nezingxenye zayo.Yebo, uma lokhu kushisa kungaphathwa ngendlela efanele nakho kungabangela izinkinga.Izinga lokushisa le-brake fluid lizokhuphuka uma kushisa, futhi uma izinga lokushisa lifinyelela izinga elithile lizokwenza ukuthi ibhuleki linciphe futhi i-brake fluid ibile.Lokhu kushisa nakho kunomphumela ku-caliper, piston seal kanye nentwasahlobo yokubuya, okuzosheshisa ukuguga kwalezi zingxenye, okuyisizathu sokuhlanganisa kabusha i-caliper nokushintsha izingxenye zensimbi ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwamabhuleki.
Izinto ezingezona ze-asbestos organic braking (NAO)
Izinto ezingezona ze-asbestos organic brake ikakhulukazi zisebenzisa i-glass fibre, i-aromatic polycool fiber noma amanye amafayibha (ikhabhoni, i-ceramic, njll.) njengezinto zokuqinisa, ukusebenza kwazo kuncike kakhulu ohlotsheni lwefayibha nezinye izingxube ezingeziwe.
Izinto ezingezona ze-asbestos eziphilayo zamabhuleki zathuthukiswa ngokuyinhloko njengenye indlela yamakristalu e-asbestos yezigubhu zamabhuleki noma izicathulo zamabhuleki, kodwa muva nje zisazanywa ukushintshwa kwamaphedi amabhuleki angaphambili.Mayelana nokusebenza, amabhuleki ohlobo lwe-NAO aseduze namabhuleki e-asbestos kunama-semi-metallic brake pads.Ayinakho ukusebenza kahle kwe-thermal okufanayo kanye nokulawulwa kahle kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu njengamaphedi e-semi-metallic.
Injani impahla eluhlaza ye-NAO entsha uma iqhathaniswa namabhuleki e-asbestos?Izinto ezivamile zokungqubuzana okusekelwe ku-asbestos ziqukethe izingxube eziyisisekelo ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa, ezihlanganisa imicu ye-asbestos yokuqinisa, izinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezingeziwe, nezibophezelo ezifana namafutha e-linseed, ama-resin, ukuvuswa komsindo we-benzene, nama-resin.Uma kuqhathaniswa, izinto zokungqubuzana ze-NAO ziqukethe cishe izinhlanganisela zezinti ezihlukene eziyishumi nesikhombisa, ngoba ukususa i-asbestos akufani nokumane nje uyifake esikhundleni, kodwa kunalokho kudinga ingxube enkulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwamabhuleki okulingana noma okudlula ukusebenza kahle kokubhuleka kwamabhulokhi okushayisana kwe-asbestos.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-23-2022