Zenziwa Kanjani Izigubhu Zamabhuleki?

Izinto zokwakha, inqubo, kanye nemibukiso konke kunomthelela endleleni izigubhu zamabhuleki enziwa ngayo.Kodwa-ke, lawa masu okusebenza awayixazululi inkinga yokuhlukahluka kogqinsi eduze komjikelezo wesigubhu, inkinga ebangela ukuguga okungeyona iyunifomu nomsindo.Abakhiqizi bamaloli babeke ukuguquguquka okukhulu nomkhawulo wesisindo sezigubhu.Abakhiqizi baphinde bathola izindleko ezilahliwe uma izigubhu zingahlangabezani nalezi zici.Ukuze ugweme lezi zindleko, umenzi kufanele agxile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izigubhu aziguquki futhi zisezingeni eliphezulu.

Imibukiso

Izigubhu zamabhuleki amabhokisi ensimbi anikeza ithoni engaphonswanga.Ngokufanayo ne-anvil, ingaba nzima noma ibe lula, kuye ngomkhiqizi.Izigubhu zamabhuleki zilengiswa entanjeni yenayiloni, zifakwe endaweni yokubeka isigubhu esiwugibe, futhi zishaywa ngezisindo ezihlukahlukene.Nakhu ukuhlolisisa inqubo yokukhiqiza.Isilawuli esisekelwe kukhompyutha esingu-87 sithola amasignali okukhiphayo akhombisa indawo ezinzwa 78 futhi silawula indawo yomshini we-pneumatic drive 88. Ukuphakamisa nokwehlisa ukunyakaza kwekheshi 74 kanye neplathifomu 76 kulawulwa umshini 94. Ipulatifomu 76 kanye neringi engu-28 yizo ibanjwe endaweni nge-tooling 82, ephethe isethi yamathoshi okushisela angu-96.

Isigubhu sebhuleki esivamile sikhiqizwa ngokwakha ibhantshi lendandatho enebhande lensimbi le-annular.Bese, insimbi encibilikisiwe empunga iphonswa ngokumaphakathi ebhandeni futhi iboshwe ngensimbi eringini.Iringi ibe isilungiswa ngaphandle futhi ifakwe ngomshini ukuze inikeze indawo yangaphakathi eyisilinda eyaziwa ngokuthi ibhore elimaholoholo.Ubuso obungaphakathi besigubhu se-flange 24 bube senziwe ngomshini, futhi yonke inhlangano idluliselwe esiteshini esilandelayo ukuze kushiswe ngokugcwele.

Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zokwenziwa kwezigubhu zamabhuleki ukuqina kwazo.Ngokungafani nama-disc brakes, angakwazi ukumelana nokushisa okukhulu, futhi asebenza kahle futhi asebenza kahle lapho ebhuleka.Amabhuleki amadiski anezici ezifanayo, kodwa abiza kakhulu futhi adinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe.Kodwa-ke, amabhuleki ediski anikeza izinzuzo ngokobunjiniyela nezindleko, futhi avumela ukuhlanganiswa okulula kwebhuleki lokupaka.Nokho, isisindo siyinkinga ngamabhuleki ezigubhu.

Inqubo

Inqubo yokukhiqiza izigubhu zamabhuleki ihlanganisa ukwenza indandatho yesigubhu esitokisini sensimbi.Indandatho ihlanganisa igobolondo lensimbi elicindezelwe elinama-radial flange H onqenqemeni olulodwa kanye nezimbobo ezihlukaniswe ngezikhala.Isigubhu sibe sesilungiswa ngomshini sibe nezilinganiso ezidingekayo, okuhlanganisa nezintuba zokunyuswa.Lezi zinyathelo zenziwa eziteshini ezihlukene zokukhiqiza.Lokhu kuthuthukisa inqubo yokukhiqiza iyonke.Uma isigubhu senziwe ngomshini, isigubhu sibe sesihlanganiswa kusetshenziswa i-eksisi ekhwezwayo.

Ngemuva kokulungiswa kwendandatho kanye ne-flange, i-back 16 ibekwa endandatho yesigubhu.Bese ibekwa ngendlela yokuthi i-axis emaphakathi yezikhala i-coaxial ne-harmonic yokuqala ye-radial runout.Ngemva kokubekwa, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-drum back kuyashiselwa ngendandatho yesigubhu.Inqubo yokukhiqiza izigubhu zamabhuleki iphindaphindiwe kuze kube yilapho ububanzi obufunayo bufinyelelwa.

I-sprue yesigubhu samabhuleki kufanele okungenani ibe ngu-40 mm ukusuka kumgqomo wamabhuleki.Ezimbonini ezincane, leli banga liyancishiswa ukuze kuncishiswe i-porosity.Isihlabathi sokubumba kufanele okungenani sibe ngu-60-80 mm ukusuka ku-sprue.Izimboni ezincane zivame ukushaya isihlabathi sisonke.Ngemva kwalokhu, bafaka induku yensimbi ukuze baqinise isikhunta.Le ndlela ingcono kakhulu yokunciphisa i-porosity nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokuvumelana.

Isigubhu samabhuleki esijwayelekile senziwa ngendlela evamile.Endabeni yezigubhu zamabhuleki eloli, owabelwe umfakisicelo wenza ijakhethi njengebhande lensimbi lonyaka.Bese, insimbi empunga iphonswa phakathi kule bhande ukuze kwakheke indandatho eyinhlanganisela yensimbi.Bese, iringi ilungiswa ngaphandle futhi indawo eyi-cylindrical yenziwa ngomshini endaweni ebheke ngaphakathi.

Izinzwa

Amabhuleki ezigubhu ze-Electromechanical anamandla aphezulu e-electromobility kanye nokushayela okuzenzakalelayo.Lawa mabhuleki alawulwa yisilawuli, kodwa ukuhluka kokusebenza kahle kwe-electromechanical actuator kungabangela ukuhluka kwetorque yamabhuleki kanye ne-coefficient yokungqubuzana kwesigubhu.Izinzwa ze-torque ezihlanganisiwe ziyindlela eyodwa yokuvimbela ukuhluka okunjalo.Kodwa-ke, izinzwa ezihlanganisiwe ze-brake torque kusamele zenziwe ekukhiqizeni uchungechunge.Leli phepha lihlola ukuthi kungenzeka yini inzwa ye-torque ehlanganisiwe yebhuleki.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukwakheka kwesistimu ye-brake entsha, inzwa ehlanganisiwe ingase idlale indima ebalulekile.

Naphezu kokunethezeka kwezinzwa zamabhuleki, azisona isici esijabulisa kakhulu semoto yakho.Lezi zisebenza kuphela, nokho, futhi zenzelwe ukwandisa ukuphepha.Ukuze uhlole amabhuleki ngesandla, kufanele ukhiphe amasondo ngalinye ngalinye futhi uhlole amabhuleki amabhuleki ngamunye ngesikhathi.Indlela yendabuko nayo iyacika futhi ayisizi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuyona yonke imoto efika ifakwe izinzwa zamabhuleki.Kodwa uma unemoto enayo, ungasebenzisa ithuba lezinzwa zamabhuleki futhi uzihlolele wena.

Amasistimu wezinzwa eziyisisekelo ngokuvamile anenzwa eyodwa noma ngaphezulu efakwe ekhoneni ngalinye le-brake rotor.Lezi zinzwa zishumekwe kungqimba yangaphakathi yebhuleki.Inombolo yezinzwa ingahluka kuye ngemodeli yemoto yakho.Amanye amasistimu amabhuleki asebenzisa inzwa eyodwa kanti amanye anezinzwa ezifika kwezine.Kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni lwenzwa, iningi lazo lisebenza ngamasekhethi amabili ahambisanayo ahlanganisiwe.Isekhethi yokuqala ithinta ubuso berotha yebhuleki, 'ikhonkotha' i-fault matrix.Uma le sekethi iphuka, isekethe yesibili iyakhubeka futhi ukukhanya kwedeshibhodi kuyacushwa.

Uma ushintsha isigubhu sebhuleki, qiniseka ukuthi ubheka nezinzwa.Zingase zonakaliswe ngenxa yokushisa nokungqubuzana.Ngaphandle kwalokho, akuwona umqondo omuhle ukusebenzisa kabusha izinzwa zamabhuleki amadala anama-brake pads amasha.Lokhu ngeke kusebenze kahle.Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, izinzwa zezigubhu zamabhuleki zisebenza kuphela uma zishintshwa lapho i-brake pad idinga ukushintshwa.Esimeni esibi kakhulu, ukushintshwa kwe-brake pad kuyindlela engcono kakhulu.

Izinto zokwakha

Izinsimbi ezivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwakha izigubhu zamabhuleki zifaka insimbi, insimbi ecijile, i-aluminium, nezitsha zobumba.Nakuba i-asbestos bekuyisinqumo sokuqala sale ngxenye, yayixhunywe ezingozini zezempilo futhi ayizange isasetshenziswa.Namuhla, izigubhu zamabhuleki ngokuvamile zenziwe ngezinto eziyinhlanganisela, eziqukethe izinto ezihlukahlukene ezifana ne-ceramic, i-cellulose, ingilazi eqoshiwe, nerabha.Lezi zinto zibuye zigcine izici zokungqubuzana.Lezi zingxenye zamabhuleki zibalulekile ekuphepheni nasekusebenzeni, futhi zivame ukuba ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu.

Izinsimbi ezisetshenziswa ezigubhu zamabhuleki zingase zibe izinto eziphilayo noma ezingaphili.Izigubhu ze-organic zenziwe ngengilazi, i-carbon, i-Kevlar, nerabha, futhi ngokuvamile zilula kakhulu kunezigubhu ze-inorganic.Ezinye izinkampani zingase zisebenzise inhlanganisela yezinto.Ezinye zalezi zinto zibalwe ngezansi.Lezi zinto zisetshenziswa kakhulu ngoba azisindi futhi zingaphonswa kalula.Futhi banokusimama okuhle kwe-dimensional.

Izigubhu zamabhuleki ezenziwe ngendlela evamile zihlanganisa i-backplate enezimbobo eziningi.Lezi zimbobo zisuswa eksisi emaphakathi yesigubhu.I-mounting disc ibe isishiselwa epuleti elingemuva elinezimbobo zokukhweza isigubhu.I-backplate iqukethe ubuningi bezimbambo eziqinisa ngaphandle eziqondiswe ngaphandle.I-drum back assembly isuke isishiselwe iringi yesigubhu.

I-backplate yesigubhu sebhuleki imunca itorque edalwe isenzo sokubhuleka.Ngenxa yokuthi yonke imisebenzi yokubhuleka ibeka ingcindezi kule ngxenye, kufanele ibe namandla futhi imelane nokuguga.Isigubhu ngokwaso senziwe ohlotsheni olukhethekile lwensimbi ekhonjiwe ebamba ukushisa futhi imelana nokugqoka.Izigubhu zamabhuleki kufanele ziqine ngokwanele ukuze zimelane nomthwalo we-torque okhiqizwa lapho isicathulo sebhuleki sishaya endaweni egugileyo eguquguqukayo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele futhi babe nokunamathiselwe kwebhawodi eliqinile kuhabhu.Imfuneko kaMcManus idinga ukuthi isigubhu sebhuleki singazweli ukukhathala futhi sibe namandla anele empilweni yayo.

Indawo yokukhiqiza

Okusunguliwe kwamanje kuhlobene nendlela yokukhiqiza izigubhu zamabhuleki, ikakhulukazi izigubhu zamabhuleki eziqondene neloli.Isigubhu samabhuleki sakhiwe ngejakhethi yesigubhu seshidi lensimbi kanye nengemuva elimaphakathi elinezimbobo ezifakwayo ezibekwe ukukhiqiza iqanda lokuqala eliphuma ngaphandle kwe-harmonic radial.Iringi yesigubhu sebhuleki ibe isisetshenziswa ngomshini wokujiya okufanayo ngenqubo ye-centrifugal cast-iron.

Ngemva kokuqeda ukwakhiwa, izigubhu zamabhuleki zifakwa emshinini wokulinganisa.Ukuze kuzuzwe ibhalansi efanele yesisindo ezungeze i-eksisi yokuzungezisa, isisindo esisodwa noma ngaphezulu singanamathiselwa kumngcele wesigubhu.Ngemva kokuba izigubhu sezilinganisiwe, zibekwa phezu kwetafula bese zishaywa ngezisindo ezihlukahlukene ukuze zikhiphe umsindo ofunekayo.

Izigubhu zinezingxenye eziyisithupha ezihlukene: umshini wokulungisa, izicathulo zamabhuleki, kanye nendlela yokubhuleka eziphuthumayo.Ingxenye ngayinye kufanele ihlale eduze kwesigubhu ukuze isebenze kahle.Uma izicathulo zihlukaniswe kude kakhulu nesigubhu, i-pedal yebhuleki izocwila kumata waphansi, okudinga umzamo owengeziwe wokumisa imoto.Ukuze ugweme lokhu, i-pedal ye-brake kumele iphushwe phansi.Phakathi nale nqubo, izicathulo kufanele zihlale ziseduze nesigubhu ukuze kwandiswe amandla okubhuleka.

Izigubhu zamabhuleki ziyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yokubhuleka yemoto.Banciphisa ijubane lemoto ngokunqanda ukuphahlazeka.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izigubhu zamabhuleki zisiza ukuvimbela amasondo ukuthi angashisi ngokweqile, futhi izicathulo zizoqhubeka zigqoke uma izicathulo ze-brake zingalungiswa.Ngokungafani nama-brake pads, izigubhu zamabhuleki aziwamumbi amanzi, okuwenza abe lula kakhulu ukugqwala nokuguga.Ngakho-ke, izigubhu zamabhuleki ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile zanoma iyiphi imoto.

I-Santa brake iyifekthri ye-brake disc nama-pads e-China eneminyaka engaphezu kwe-15 yesipiliyoni sokukhiqiza.I-Santa Brake ihlanganisa i-big brake disc kanye nemikhiqizo yama-pads.Njengomkhiqizi ochwepheshile wamabhuleki nama-pads, i-Santa brake inganikeza imikhiqizo yekhwalithi enhle kakhulu ngamanani ancintisana kakhulu.

Namuhla, i-Santa brake ithumela emazweni angaphezu kuka-20+ futhi inamakhasimende ajabule angaphezu kuka-50+ emhlabeni jikelele.