I. Izinga lemakethe yasekhaya neyamazwe ngamazwe
1, Isikali semakethe yasekhaya
Ukukhula kwesidingo semakethe sama-brake pads kuhlobene kakhulu nokuthuthuka kwemboni yezimoto (ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto kanye nobunikazi kunquma ukuphuma kwama-brake pads, futhi kukhona ukuhlobana okuhle okuqinile phakathi kwayo nokukhiqizwa kwamabhuleki nokuthengisa), kanye nokushesha. ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezimoto yaseChina kuzoqhuba ngqo ukuthuthukiswa ngasikhathi sinye kwabakhiqizi bamabhuleki.Okokuqala nje, iChina njengamanje inabakhiqizi bezimoto abangaphezu kuka-300 kanye nezitshalo zokuguqula izimoto ezingaphezu kuka-600, ezikhiqiza izimoto ezibalelwa ezigidini eziyi-18 ngonyaka, nesidingo esikhulu samabhuleki, nesidingo sikazwelonke sonyaka samasethi amabhuleki angaba yizigidi ezingama-300. amaphedi.Ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya kowezi-2010, inani eliphumayo kanye nemali etholwayo yokuthengisa yokungqubuzana kanye nempahla yokuvala ifinyelele ukukhula okunamadijithi amabili, ngenani eliphelele (ngaphandle kwezinto eseziqedwe kancane) lamathani angu-875,600, anyuke ngo-20.73% unyaka nonyaka.Isamba esikhiqiziwe (ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo esesiyiqedile) sasingamathani angu-875,600, sikhuphuke ngo-20.73% unyaka nonyaka;inani lokukhiphayo seliphelele lalingama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-16.6, lenyuke ngo-28.35% unyaka nonyaka;imali yokuthengisa ibingama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-16, ikhuphuke ngo-30.25% unyaka nonyaka.
Ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemboni yezimoto yaseChina kuzoqhuba ngqo ukuthuthukiswa ngasikhathi sinye kwabakhiqizi bamabhuleki, futhi kuzothinta isidingo semakethe sesikhathi esizayo samabhuleki ezimoto kuwo womabili umbono wesitoko sebhuleki pad kanye nokwenyuka.Emakethe yamasheya, njengoba ama-brake pads eyimikhiqizo esebenzisekayo, imvamisa yokuvuselela iyashesha, futhi ubunikazi bemoto obukhulu buzovuselela isidingo samabhuleki pads emakethe yasekhaya;ngesikhathi esifanayo, emakethe ekhuphukayo, ukukhiqizwa nokudayiswa kwenza amabhuleki amaphedi asadingeka kakhulu emakethe esekelayo.Ngakho-ke, inkinga yezezimali yamazwe ngamazwe eholele ekwehleni okuqhubekayo komnotho womhlaba embonini ye-brake pad iye yashabalala kancane kancane, izimpawu zokubuyela emuva kwemboni sezivele, imboni yamabhuleki ingenisa ithuba elihle lentuthuko.
Ngokwezibalo, amabhizinisi aseShayina akhiqiza izinto ezingqubuzanayo anezingaphezu kuka-470, okuhlanganisa amabhizinisi ahlangene angaphezu kwama-40 namaSino angaphandle kanye namabhizinisi aphethwe kwamanye amazwe ngokuphelele.Izibalo zikhombisa ukuthi ngo-2010, imboni yezimpahla ezishayisanayo yaseChina iphuma minyaka yonke engamathani angu-426,000 emikhiqizo yezinto ezingqubuzanayo, inani eliphelele lomkhiqizo elingama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-8.53, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.18, lapho izinto zokungqubuzana kwezimoto zibalelwa ku-80% wengqikithi.Izinga lobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza laseShayina lilonke lithuthukiswe kakhulu, amanye amabhizinisi ahamba phambili afinyelele ezingeni eliphambili lamazwe ngamazwe.
2, usayizi wemakethe yamazwe ngamazwe
Ngokwezibalo zeWorld Automobile Manufacturers Association (OICA), ubunikazi bezimoto ezikhona emhlabeni obucela ku-900 million, futhi zisakhula ngenani lika-30 million ngonyaka, kulindeleke ukuthi ngo-2020, ubunikazi bezimoto emhlabeni wonke bufinyelele ezinkulungwaneni eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.2. .
Ngokwezilinganiso ze-International Energy Agency (IEA), ngo-2020, isidingo semakethe yamabhuleki ezimoto emhlabeni wonke sizodlula amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-15.Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemboni yezimoto yaseShayina kanye nemboni yokukhiqiza izingxenye zezimoto, iChina izoba isikhungo samazwe ngamazwe sokucubungula kanye nendawo yokuthenga yamazwe ngamazwe, futhi abakhiqizi baseShayina bamabhuleki ezimoto bazozuza ingxenye yemakethe eyengeziwe emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe.
2010 i-world brake pad ukuhlaziya ukusebenza kwezwe lemakethe enkulu
(1), i-United States
Ngo-December 2010, ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezimakethe zaseMelika kugcine izinga eliphezulu lokukhula kusukela ngoDisemba 2009, kwafinyelela ezigidini ezingu-7.73 zamayunithi, ngokusimama kancane kancane kwemakethe yezimoto yase-US, ukukhuthaza izingxenye zezimoto zase-US ezisekela isikali semakethe, ngokusho kwedatha efanele ibonisa ukuthi uJanuwari. kuya kuZibandlela wezi-2010, imali yokuthengiswa kwamabhuleki ezimoto yase-US eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-6.5, okuwukunyuka kwama-21%.
(2), Japan
I-Japan ingenye yezindawo eziyishumi eziphezulu ezisekela imakethe yezingxenye zezimoto emhlabeni, ngenxa yokuthi iJapane isithuthuke kakhulu ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula izingxenye zezimoto kanye nesidingo esinamandla semakethe ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, u-January-December 2010 imali yokuthengisa yama-brake pads ezimoto yafinyelela ku-$ 4.1 billion ukukhula konyaka I-13%, imikhiqizo yayo eyinhloko yokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ama-brake pads asekela ukusetshenziswa.
(3), Germany
Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kwedatha efanele egunyaziwe, ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto zaseJalimane kukhuphuke ngo-18% unyaka nonyaka kuya kumayunithi angama-413,500 ngoDisemba 2010. Imakethe yezimoto yasekhaya ivame ukuvuthwa, ubuchwepheshe be-automotive brake pad buthuthukisiwe kakhulu, ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya. kanye nokuthengiswa kwesimo ukuze kuzuzwe ukudlondlobala okubili, i-automotive brake pad January kuya ku-December ukuze kuzuzwe imali yokuthengisa yama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.2, okukhuphuke ngo-8%.
Ukuhlukaniswa komkhiqizo
Ama-brake pads asetshenziswa ngobuningi emakethe yasekhaya yasekhaya: ama-95% ama-brake pads e-China asetshenziswa ngemuva kwemakethe, nenani lamasethi angaba yizigidi ezingama-95.
Ingxenye yamabhuleki asekhaya asekela imoto yonke iphansi.Njengamanje, ama-5% kuphela engqikithi yokuthengiswa konyaka kwemikhiqizo ezimele embonini yamabhuleki esetshenziselwa ama-OEM asekhaya.
Isibalo samabhuleki asekela imoto yonke silinganiselwa ku-5 million sets.
Njengamanje, izinto ezivamile zomhlaba zokungqubuzana ziyi-semi-metallic, insimbi ephansi, i-ceramic, izinto eziphilayo izigaba ezine, isiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa ukuvuthwa ukwakheka kwe-semi-metallic, ukuthuthukisa ukwakhiwa kwensimbi encane, ukuthuthukiswa kokwakhiwa kwe-NAO.Kodwa-ke, okwamanje, i-asbestos (ukusetshenziswa kwayo okwakwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele nguhulumeni ngo-1999) amabhuleki e-China asathatha ingxenye enkulu kweminye imikhakha, ikakhulukazi emakethe ye-heavy-duty car brake pad.Ngenxa yokuthi imicu ye-asbestos iqukethe izinto ezibangela umdlavuza, amazwe amaningana emhlabeni asayine isivumelwano sokwenqaba ukusetshenziswa kwe-asbestos.
Ngokusho kolwazi olufanele, ezimakethe zakwamanye amazwe, akukho asbestos, insimbi encane, izinto zokungqubuzana ezinobungani bemvelo (owaziwa nangokuthi izinto ze-NAO-type friction) eminyakeni engaphezu kweyishumi eyedlule isiqalile ukukhuthazwa kwemakethe;amanye amazwe e-Europe nase-United States abekade ekhawulelwe izinto ezingqubuzanayo ezingxenyeni zensimbi ezisindayo eziyingozi kanye nomthetho wokuqukethwe kwethusi.Esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo, okuqukethwe kwe-asbestos nezingxenye zensimbi enzima kuzoba izinto ezingqubuzanayo ezithunyelwa e-Europe kanye nemikhawulo yezohwebo yase-United States.Ngakho-ke, akukho msindo, akukho mlotha kanye nehabhu elingagqwali, impilo ende yesevisi, ukubhuleka okunethezekile nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukuqeda ngokuphelele imikhiqizo ye-asbestos brake pad, kuyisiqondiso esifanele sokulandela umkhuba wokuthuthukiswa komhlaba.
Imboni yaseChina yamabhuleki amabhuleki ezimoto ibhekene nezinguquko ezinkulu ezimbili zokuvikela imvelo nokusebenza okuphezulu, amabhuleki ahambisana nemvelo asebenza kahle kakhulu ngaphezu kokuhlangabezana nokwehla kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, izinga eliphansi lokugqoka, ukuqina kwe-friction coefficient kanye nezinye izidingo, kufanele futhi kube nokudlidliza okuncane. , umsindo ophansi, umlotha kanye nezinye izici zokusebenza ezivumelana nemvelo, lezi ubuchwepheshe bokwenza izinto ezingqubuzanayo, ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula impahla eluhlaza, ubuchwepheshe bokulungiselela izinto ezixubile, ubuchwepheshe bokucindezela okushisayo, ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha ukushisa kanye nokulandelela Ukwelashwa kobuchwepheshe kanye nezinye izidingo eziphakeme.
Ngokwezibalo ze-China Friction and Seal Materials Association, amabhizinisi ase-China akhiqiza amabhuleki acishe abe ngu-500, kodwa ngaphezu kuka-80% wesilinganiso sebhizinisi mancane.Ngokuthuthuka kwezinga eliphelele lemboni yezimoto yaseChina, imboni yezimoto iyashintsha kancane kancane isuka ekugxileni enanini lama-brake pads iye ekugxileni eqophelweni eliphezulu kanye nokuqukethwe kwezobuchwepheshe kwama-brake pads, ukugxila kwemakethe kuzoqhubeka nokuba ngcono, futhi ekugcineni. ukwakheka kwamandla ezobuchwepheshe okuncintisana phakathi kwamabhizinisi.
Njengoba imboni yezimoto yaseChina yaqala sekwephuzile, ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya kwamamodeli asezingeni eliphezulu ngokuyisisekelo kungokwaseYurophu, e-United States, eJapan, eSouth Korea nakwamanye amazwe, kanti amabhuleki ezimoto ayizingxenye ezibalulekile zokuphepha, izinkampani zezimoto ezinegama lomkhiqizo zinokulawula okuqinile. phezu kwabo.Ngokwezibalo ze-China Friction and Seal Materials Association, u-85% wamabhuleki ezimoto asekhaya ancike ekuthengeni kwamanye amazwe, imboni yasekhaya yezimoto ingakwazi ukuncintisana emakethe igxile kakhulu kuma-brake pads ezimoto, imoto encane enezinga eliphansi. amabhuleki pads kanye micro car brake pads market.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza izingxenye zezimoto zaseShayina kanye nokulungiswa kwezinqubomgomo zezimboni zamazwe athuthukile kanye nomthelela wezici zentengo, uchungechunge lokuthengwa kwempahla lwamazwe ngamazwe luya e-China.
Ngokwemininingwane yeNational Bureau of Statistics, isidingo semakethe samabhuleki pads ngo-2010 sasilinganiselwa ku-2.5 billion yuan, sibala cishe u-25% wemakethe yamabhuleki amabhuleki iyonke.
Okwesithathu, isimo samabhizinisi asekhaya, ubuchwepheshe kanye nezitayela zokuthuthukisa umkhiqizo kanye nolunye ulwazi
Njengamanje, amandla okukhiqiza kanye nezinga lobuchwepheshe lamanye amabhizinisi asekhaya ashayisana nezimoto kuseduze nezinga eliphezulu lomhlaba, futhi inqwaba yamabhizinisi ahamba phambili akhula ngokushesha.Nakuba amandla okukhiqiza nezinga lobuchwepheshe lamabhizinisi aseShayina ashayisana nezimoto enze inqubekelaphambili enkulu, kodwa amazinga emboni ahlehle impela, ngisho nezidingo zama-OEM asekhaya azifani.Ukuze ubambe inkomba yokushisa kwepuleti lobuso, isibonelo, isitshalo somsingathi sidinga ku-300 ℃, kuyilapho amazinga kazwelonke ahlinzekela u-200 ℃ afanelekile.Ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, ukubuyekezwa kwezindinganiso zikazwelonke akuzange kuqale ngempela kwaze kwaba yiminyaka embalwa edlule.
Olunye udaba oluphawulekayo ukuthi, ezinkampanini ezishayisana ngezimoto, amakhono azo okucwaninga azimele kanye nentuthuko abonakala ikakhulukazi ocwaningweni lokusebenza kwezinto eziyinhlanganisela.Nakuba ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo eminyakeni yamuva, kodwa ngenxa yokuqongelela imali ebuthakathaka, amabhizinisi asekhaya aphikisana nezimoto ekukhiqizeni uguquko kanye nocwaningo oluzimele kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwentuthuko kungaphansi kakhulu kozakwethu bangaphandle.Izindinganiso zemboni zisalela emuva, izinkampani zamabhuleki amabhuleki zinokutshalwa kwezimali okulinganiselwe ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni, kuncike ezintweni eziningi, imboni yasekhaya yamabhuleki kanye namabhizinisi kusenendlela ende okufanele ihanjwe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-07-2022