Yiziphi Izinhlobo Ezimbili Zezigubhu Zebhuleki Ezivamile?

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zamabhuleki.Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngebhuleki leDisc noma amabhuleki azishayelayo.Kodwa bewazi yini ngezinhlobo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu zezigubhu zamabhuleki?Uzofunda mayelana nalezi zinhlelo ezimbili zamabhuleki kulesi sihloko.Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzofunda mayelana neziphethu ezibuyayo kanye nomsebenzi wazo.Ngethemba, lesi sihloko sizokusiza ukuthi uqonde umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlelo ezimbili.

Amabhuleki esigubhu

Amabhuleki ezigubhu anezicathulo ezimbili ezihamba phambili.Omunye uyahola kanti omunye uyalandela.Uma imoto ihamba, zombili izicathulo zisebenza njengomkhondo.Ngokuphambene, ama-pistons kusilinda sesondo ngalinye asebenza njengokunyathela kwangemuva.Izicathulo ezimbili ezihamba phambili ezinamawele zinamaphiston afuduka kuzo zombili izinkomba.Lolu hlobo lwebhuleki ngokuvamile lutholakala ngemuva kweloli elincane.Nakuba ukukhweza ohlangothini olulodwa kungabangela umthwalo ohlangothini olulodwa kwimfoloko yangaphambili, isicathulo esihamba phambili esikabili siyisinqumo esingcono ezimotweni eziningi.

Isistimu ye-drum brake isebenzisa isilinda esizungezayo nezicathulo ezigudla endaweni eshayisanayo ukuze ingasheshi imoto.Izicathulo zibandakanya ukungqubuzana nesigubhu lapho i-pedal ikhululwa, ikhiqiza ukucindezela kwe-hydraulic.Lokhu kuklwebhana kwenza izicathulo zamabhuleki zishwabane futhi zibambezele imoto.Lo mphumela ubizwa ngokuthi "ukuzenzela."

Enye ingxenye ye-drum brake ukuhlehla kwayo.I-anchor abutment igxunyekwe epuletini elingemuva elibhekene neyunithi ye-expander.I-anchor abutment isebenza njengehinge, egcina izicathulo zingazungezi nesigubhu lapho kufakwa ibhuleki.Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamahange: iphini elilodwa kanye nephini eliphindwe kabili.Uhlobo lwangaphambili luvame kakhulu ezimotweni ezisebenza ukukhanya.

Imoto yokuqala eyasebenzisa ibhuleki lezigubhu zesimanje kwakuyiMaybach.I-Louis Renault yasebenzisa ulayini we-asbestos olulukiweyo olayini lwamabhuleki esigubhu ngoba yayiqeda ukushisa kangcono kunanoma iyiphi enye into.Ezinye izimoto zisebenzisa izinhlobo zamabhuleki ezigubhu ezingaqinile.Amamodeli angaphambilini ayesebenzisa izinsimbi, izinduku, izintambo, nezicathulo eziwumshini.Ama-pistons ayesebenza ngomfutho kawoyela kusilinda esincane samasondo.Lezi zinhlelo zemishini zazivamile kwaze kwaba ngawo-1980, kodwa ezinye izimoto zaqhubeka nokuzisebenzisa.

Amabhuleki ediski

Umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezi-2 zezigubhu ukuthi zisebenza ngesimiso esifanayo futhi zombili zisetshenziswa emotweni eyodwa.Endabeni ye-disc brakes, noma kunjalo, i-disc imile futhi i-caliper ihamba ngokuphathelene ne-rotor.I-internal brake pad icindezelwa kwi-disc ngesikhathi sokubhuleka bese i-outer brake pad idonselwa ku-rotor.Phakathi nale nqubo, ama-brake pads ashisa futhi aphoqelelwe ngokumelene ne-disc.Le nqubo yaziwa ngokuthi "i-pad imprinting," efaka isandla emandleni okubhuleka.

Izingxenye ezishisayo zama-disc zingase zifinyelele amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu.Uma lokhu kwenzeka, insimbi iba noshintsho lwesigaba.Ikhabhoni esensimbi ingaphuma ensimbi futhi yakhe izifunda ze-carbon-heavy carbide.I-Cementite, nokho, iyinto ehlukile kunensimbi ekhonjiwe futhi iqinile kakhulu futhi iyaphuka.Futhi ayikutholi ukushisa kahle, ibeka engozini ubuqotho bediski.

Amabhuleki ama-disc aziwa nangokuthi amabhuleki e-caliper.Basebenzisa i-hydraulic pressure ukusunduza izicathulo endaweni engaphakathi yesigubhu sebhuleki.Lawa mabhuleki ayinhlanganisela yama-caliper namapiston futhi angasebenzisa amapiston afinyelela kwayisishiyagalombili.Amabhuleki ama-disc awuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwezigubhu zamabhuleki.Nokho, kunezinye izinhlobo eziningi.Uma ufuna ibhuleki elisha, amabhuleki ediski angase alungele wena.

Amabhuleki ediski ahlukile kumabhuleki ezigubhu ngezindlela eziningi.Amabhuleki ama-disc akhiqiza ukushisa okukhulu nokungqubuzana, okusho ukuthi izingxenye zawo azinaso isikhathi eside sokuphila.Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lezingxenye ku-disc brake kwandisa amathuba okuhluleka.Amabhuleki ezigubhu angaba nomsindo kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma esetshenziswa abashayeli abangazi ukuthi bakhuluma ngani.

Amabhuleki azibambayo

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyisisekelo zezigubhu zamabhuleki ezizishayelayo: ezisebenza ngokushayisana kanye ne-friction-absorbing.Eyangaphambili isebenzisa amadivaysi asebenzisa ukungqubuzana ukuze inikeze amandla okubhuleka, asetshenziswa ku-pedali ngesikhathi sokuhamba kancane.Izigubhu ezizisebenzisayo zisebenzisa isigubhu ukuze zifake amandla, kuyilapho amasistimu abamba ukungqubuzana asebenzisa ama-rotor.Umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zamabhuleki usezimweni zazo.

Lapho kusetshenziswa izigubhu zamabhuleki ezizishayelayo ngemuva, zibamba imoto lapho isisindo semoto sidlulela esicathulweni esilandela ngemuva.Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yokuthambekela komthambeko noma ukuhlehla kokunyakaza.Endabeni yamabhuleki ezicathulo ezihamba phambili, isicathulo esihamba phambili siseduze ne-expander.Kubalulekile ukunaka kahle ukuhlanganisa kabusha ibhuleki lapho lihlakazwa.Ukwehluleka ukwenza kanjalo kungaholela esinyathelweni esishubile sokubhuleka kanye nokuvaleleka okungenzeka.

Amabhuleki asebenzisa i-friction-adhesive ukuze afake amandla esigubhu.Le nto enamathelayo isiza amabhuleki ukuthi asebenzise amandla esondo, kodwa ingabangela ukuhlanekezela nokudlidliza ngesikhathi sokubhuleka.Izigubhu zamabhuleki ezisebenza ngokushayisana nazo zingadala ukuthi umshayeli asebenzise amandla amaningi kubhuleki kunesidingo ukuze amise imoto.

Izinhlobo zezigubhu zamabhuleki ezizishayelayo zinezingxenye ezimbili ezinkulu: i-back-plate kanye ne-anchor abutment.I-anchor abutment, etholakala ngokuphambene neyunithi ye-expander, isebenza njenge-hinge yezicathulo.Leli cwecwe elingemuva linikeza ukwesekwa kwe-cylinder expander futhi ngokuvamile lenziwe ngensimbi enezimbambo.I-anchor abutment futhi isebenza njengesivikelo sothuli sokuhlanganisa isigubhu samabhuleki nezicathulo.

Buyisa iziphethu

I-return spring ingxenye egudlukayo esetshenziselwa ukubamba izicathulo zamabhuleki emuva ngemva kokuba isilinda samasondo sikhiphe umfutho ovela ohlelweni lokubhuleka.Ngokuya ngomklamo wesistimu, iziphethu ezibuyayo zingaxhunywa kuzo zombili izicathulo ezilandela ngemuva neziholayo noma zifakwe ihange endaweni emaphakathi.Amanye amasistimu amabhuleki ezigubhu asebenzisa isiphethu esisodwa kanti amanye asebenzisa ibha yensimbi ende, eqinile egotshwe ibe umumo ongu-U.Iziphetho ezingezansi zentwasahlobo zixhunywe esicathulweni esilandelanayo futhi iziphetho ezingenhla ze-U shape zinamathisele esicathulweni esiholayo.

Isicathulo esihamba phambili sihamba ngokuphambene nesigubhu lapho i-brake isetshenziswa, okwenza izicathulo zicindezele endaweni yangaphakathi yesigubhu ngokucindezela okukhulu.Lo mphumela we-servo waziwa njengomphumela wokuzithuthukisa.Isilinda esinamasondo sigcina ipiston kanye nomfutho wehydraulic uphusha izicathulo endaweni engaphakathi yesigubhu.Zombili iziphethu ezibuyayo kufanele zilungiswe njalo, ngakho zibalulekile ohlelweni olusebenzayo lwamabhuleki.

Isiphethu esibuyayo kanye namapiston yizingxenye ezimbili ezibalulekile zebhuleki lesigubhu.Uma i-pedal yebhuleki icindezelwa, uketshezi lwebhuleki luphoqwa kusilinda ukuze kuphushe izicathulo zamabhuleki esigubhini.Imithombo ebuyayo ibadonsele emuva ezindaweni zabo zokuphumula.Uma ibhuleki likhishwa, ama-return springs lungisa izicathulo zamabhuleki zibuyele esimweni.Intwasahlobo ebuyayo iyingxenye yokugcina yesistimu yamabhuleki, futhi iwuhlobo olusetshenziswa kakhulu.

Ngenkathi i-piston ne-return springs isebenza ukufaka ibhuleki, isigubhu asihlangani ngokushesha nezicathulo.Kudingeka zicindezelwe kuqala ngaphambi kokuba izicathulo zihambe ziye ngasesigubhu.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amasistimu e-Hybrid disc/drum, abhuleka kuphela ngamadiski ekucindezelweni kwe-pedal light.Lolu hlobo lwesistimu yokubhuleka ludinga i-valve ekhethekile yokulinganisa ukuvimbela umfutho we-hydraulic ukuthi ungafinyeleli kuma-caliper angaphambili kuze kunqotshwe iziphethu ezibuyayo.

Amabhuleki pads

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezigubhu zamabhuleki: ezimisiwe nezixega.Kuye ngohlobo lwemoto, lena yokugcina isetshenziswa ezimotweni ezinzima.Zombili zenzelwe ukuthi zisebenze ngempumelelo ekuvimbeleni ukudonsa kwesilinda esinamasondo kanye nokunciphisa umsindo wemoto.Izigubhu ezingaguquki zifaka i-rotor kanye ne-disc-like-expander yezicathulo zivame kakhulu ezimotweni.Nokho, zombili izinhlobo zinezici eziyingqayizivele.

Ngokwesibonelo, izigubhu ezinwebekayo zinamandla amancane okumisa kunezakwabo zensimbi nezensimbi.Ama-gearbox azishintshayo ngokuvamile athanda izigubhu ezinwebekayo ngaphakathi, kuyilapho izigubhu zincamela kuma-gearbox ashintshwayo.Amabhuleki ezigubhu ajwayele ukusetshenziswa emasondweni angemuva ezimoto, futhi ahambisana nesistimu yediski ngaphambili.I-hand-brake eyimishini ihambisana namabhuleki ezigubhu.

Uma ucindezelwa esigubhini, isicathulo esiholayo sihamba ngendlela efanayo nesigubhu, futhi isicathulo esilandela ngemuva sihamba sibheke kolunye uhlangothi.Lo mphumela waziwa ngokuthi umphumela we-servo, futhi usiza izicathulo zicindezela isigubhu ngamandla amakhulu.Esimisweni samabhuleki esijwayelekile, isicathulo esiholayo siqhubekela phambili sibheke isigubhu, kuyilapho isicathulo esilandela ngemuva sibuyela emuva.Ngokuvamile, ama-drum brakes afakwa ngemuva kwezimoto zabagibeli.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezi-2 ezivame kakhulu zezigubhu zamabhuleki, futhi zehluke kanjani?Ukuze uvimbele izinkinga, amabhuleki kufanele ahlolwe njalo.Ukwehluleka ukwenza kanjalo kungadala ukufiphala kwamabhuleki.I-brake fade ibangelwa ukushisa ngokweqile kwezingxenye zamabhuleki, kanye nenhlanganisela yalezi zici.Izigubhu zamabhuleki ezinwebekayo ngaphakathi, isibonelo, zingakhula ngobubanzi ngenxa yokwanda kokushisa.Ukuze unxephezele, izicathulo kufanele ziqhubekele phambili noma umshayeli kufanele afake i-pedal ye-brake kancane kancane.

I-Santa brake iyifekthri ye-brake disc nama-pads e-China eneminyaka engaphezu kwe-15 yesipiliyoni sokukhiqiza.I-Santa Brake ihlanganisa i-big brake disc kanye nemikhiqizo yama-pads.Njengomkhiqizi ochwepheshile wamabhuleki nama-pads, i-Santa brake inganikeza imikhiqizo yekhwalithi enhle kakhulu ngamanani ancintisana kakhulu.

Namuhla, i-Santa brake ithumela emazweni angaphezu kuka-20+ futhi inamakhasimende ajabule angaphezu kuka-50+ emhlabeni jikelele.