I. Amazinga amanje embonini ye-automotive brake linening yaseChina.
GB5763-2008 Brake Linings for Automobiles
I-GB/T17469-1998 “Izindlela Zokuhlola Ukusebenza Kwe-Automotive Brake Lining Friction
I-GB/T5766-2006 “Indlela Yokuhlola Ukuqina Kwe-Rockwell Yezinto Zokungqubuzana
I-JC/T472-92 “Indlela yokuhlola amandla e-automotive disc brake block kanye ne-drum brake shoe assembly indlela yokuhlola amandla e-shear
I-JC/T527-93 “indlela yokuhlola i-vector eshisayo yezinto ezishayisanayo
I-JC/T528-93 “indlela yokuhlola into encibilikayo ye-acetone
I-JC/T685-1998 “Indlela yokuhlola ukuminyana kwezinto zefriction
I-QC/T472-1999 “Ukumelana kwamabhuleki ezimoto emanzini, emanzini anosawoti, ku-oyela kanye nendlela yokuhlola ukusebenza kwe-brake fluid
I-QC/T473-1999 “Indlela yokuhlola yamandla e-shear yangaphakathi yezinto zokwakha ze-brake lining
I-QC/T583-1999 Indlela yokuhlola ye-porosity ebonakalayo ye-automotive brake linings
I-QC/T42-1992 “Ukuhlolwa Kokukhubazeka Okungaphezulu Nokubalulekile Kwe-Automobile Disc Brake Friction Block ngemva kokuhlolwa
Okwesibili, imboni ye-brake lining system international standard standard.
Amabhuleki angaphandle, umugqa wokudlulisa (ibhulokhi) kanye namazinga wokuhlangana ikakhulukazi uchungechunge lwase-Europe, uchungechunge lwase-United States, iJapan (amazinga e-Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association) kanye nochungechunge lwe-ISO, uchungechunge lwe-ISO luthuthukiswa ikakhulukazi ngokubhekiselwa kumazinga aseYurophu.
Izindinganiso zase-US ikakhulukazi i-SAE, i-FMVSS, i-AMECA, njll.
Amazinga aseYurophu ikakhulukazi emithethweni efana ne-AK (efana ne-AK1, AK2, AK3, AKM), i-ECE (R13, R13H, R90), EEC71/320.
Izindinganiso zaseJapane yi-JASO kanye ne-JIS D.
Izindinganiso zaseMelika kanye nezaseYurophu zihlukaniswe ngokweseka kosokhaya njenge-FMVSS ku-FMVSS121, 122, 105, 135 ne-AMECA kanye ne-R13, R13H kanye ne-ISO11057, izindinganiso zokugqoka (i-aftermarket) njenge-SAE2430, TP121, R90 futhi ihlangabezana nezidingo ezincane ze-ECERl3 , njll.
Awekho amazinga ayisibopho e-United States, kodwa kufanele agunyazwe ngaphambi kokuthengisa, i-Europe yemakethe elawulayo ngaphambi kokuthengisa kufanele ibe nesitifiketi se-EMARK.
I-ISO15484-2005 (DIS) isekelwe ikakhulukazi ekucacisweni kwasekuqaleni komhlaba futhi yathuthukiswa, icaphuna i-SAE, JASO, JIS D, ECE R90, futhi ihlinzeka ngezidingo zokulawula ikhwalithi, ingamazinga aphelele wezinto ezibonakalayo zokungqubuzana kwezimoto.
Kusukela emazweni athuthukile ngezimoto emazweni angaphandle nakwamanye amazwe, abaluleke kakhulu emazingeni ama-brake lining, anenhlangano ekhethekile okufanele ibhekelele, maqondana nokusebenza kwamazwe omhlaba, amazinga e-brake lining yaseChina kufanele futhi afakwe embonini yezimoto, kanye nokusungulwa. wekomidi elincane elikhethekile lokuzibandakanya emsebenzini, ukwenza lula ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana.
(1) Inhlangano ye-ISO
I-ISO yama-brake linings ahlobene ne-automotive brake linening standard standards 21 kanye ne-1 global standards, kanye namazinga ahlobene angu-6, amazinga ayo okubopha amabhuleki athuthukiswe yi-TC22/SC2/WG2, iqembu layo elisebenzayo le-WG2 le-SC2 emaqenjini amahlanu asebenzayo eqenjini elikhulukazi, ngenxa yokuthi ama-brake linings abandakanyeka ekuvikelekeni nasekuvikelweni kwemvelo, kusukela ngo-2005 kuya phambili agcwala abasebenzi abengeziwe, futhi athuthukisa amazinga ayisithupha ngokulandelana.
(2) EYurophu
Uhlelo olujwayelekile lwamabhuleki lwaseYurophu umthethonqubo, olwakhiwe yi-WP29, WP29 igama eligcwele le-United Nations World Vehicle Regulations Coordination Forum (ebizwa nge-UN/WP29), ebhekele ngqo imithetho ye-ECE kanye nokuqaliswa kokubuyekezwa komsebenzi we I-WP29 inekomiti lezimoto i-GRRF lokuthuthukisa imithetho yezimoto, imithetho yokufakwa kwamabhuleki, amazinga athuthukiswe inhlangano ye-FEMFM.Imithetho ye-brake pad ebandakanya i-ECE Rl3, ECE Rl3H, ECE R90.
(3) Japan
Izindinganiso zamabhuleki zaseJapane yi-JIS ne-JASO, i-JISJ Japan Industrial Standards Survey indinganiso, i-JASO indinganiso yemboni yezimoto yaseJapane.Izindinganiso ze-JIS zase-Japan zezimoto okwamanje sezingu-248. Ulayini wamabhuleki ezimoto i-JIS inezinto eziyi-13 ezibalwe %.
Inhlangano yaseJapan Automobile Standardization Organisation (JASO) yasungula inhlangano ekhaliphile, ngokuya ngezinto ezikhethekile nezinkambu ezakha ikomidi lezobuchwepheshe elihambisanayo (okungukuthi, uMnyango), okuhlanganisa: amabhuleki, ukuphepha, i-chassis yomzimba, izinto zikagesi, izinjini, izingxenye ezijwayelekile, izinto zokwakha, izithuthuthu ezinamasondo amabili, ukusebenza kwemoto;ikomidi ngalinye lezobuchwepheshe futhi limise inani elihlukahlukene lamakomiti angaphansi kobuchwepheshe (okungukuthi, izigatshana zizokwenza).Enegatsha le-brake lining, elakhiwe ngezimoto, izingxenye, imboni yezinto zokungqubuzana.Ingqikithi yenani lamazinga e-JASO yaseJapane okwamanje angu-297. Phakathi kwawo, kukhona ama-brake linings angu-20.I-akhawunti ye-%.
(4) I-United States
Izindinganiso zamabhuleki zase-US ze-American Society of Automotive Engineers (Society of Automotive Engineers, ebizwa ngokuthi i-SAE) ibhekele ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto zocwaningo ze-SAE izimoto, amaloli nezimoto zobunjiniyela, izindiza, izinjini, izinto zokwakha kanye nokukhiqiza, njll. I-SAE amazinga athuthukiswe abagunyaziwe, asetshenziswa kakhulu imboni yezimoto nezinye izimboni, kanye nenani elikhulu Lamanye awo amukelwa njengamazinga kazwelonke ase-United States.Njengamanje, i-SAE inamalungu angaphezu kuka-84,000 emazweni angu-97 futhi yengeza noma ibuyekeza imibhalo yohlobo lwamazinga obunjiniyela bezimoto kanye ne-aerospace engaphezu kuka-600 minyaka yonke.Phakathi kwazo, kunamazinga angu-17 ahlobene nama-brake linings.
Okwesithathu, kusukela kumazinga athuthukisiwe angenhla ngamazwe ngamazwe nakwamanye amazwe, amazinga aseShayina kanye namazinga athuthukile angaphandle anegebe elikhulu phakathi.
1, umsebenzi wokumisa usuphuzile uma kuqhathaniswa.Amazinga omkhiqizo amabhizinisi ahlanganyela ekukhiqizeni futhi ukusebenza kufanele kuhambisane nomthetho wezobuchwepheshe ophakeme kakhulu, kodwa futhi nezici ezibalulekile ezihlobene nenqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe kanye nentuthuko enempilo yemboni.Abasebenzisi abasezingeni eliphansi bezimo zokusebenza eziqinile zemboni yezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokungqubuzana bayaqhubeka nokubeka phambili izidingo zobuchwepheshe eziphakeme, ngakho-ke ukuze kwenziwe amazinga obuchwepheshe abonise umqondo wezinkomba zesayensi, ezithuthukile, izidingo zokusebenza kanye nokumisa imakethe, ukufeza umsebenzi wamazinga omhlaba. , kodwa futhi kufanele "ihambisane nezikhathi", njalo noma ngokungajwayelekile ukuze izindinganiso ezintsha zikhulise incazelo kanye namazinga amadala Ukubuyekezwa komsebenzi.Kodwa ngokuhamba kweminyaka ngenxa yezinkinga zesikhungo kanye nokuntuleka kwezimali, umsebenzi wokumisa ubambezeleke kakhulu emuva kwenqubekelaphambili yemboni yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo wangempela, ubumbano lwamazinga akhona, igunya lenselelo enkulu, kodwa futhi nokuphathwa kwezobuchwepheshe imboni kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimakethe zomhlaba kuletha ubunzima obuningi.
I-2, ayikho ibhuleki, i-transmission lining (block) kanye nokuhlanganiswa kohlelo olujwayelekile.
3, izidingo ezikhona ezijwayelekile zobuchwepheshe nezindlela zokuhlola zisekuyisampula encane, izimo zokuhlola ezimile, namazinga angaphandle okulingisa ukubhuleka kwangempela kanye negebe lokuhlola lesampula elingu-1:1 likhulu.
4, ukuphuthuma kokwamukela izinga.Ngemva kokungena ekhulwini lama-21, ukubuya kweChina ku-WTO, ijubane lokuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe lashesha, umnotho kazwelonke waseShayina uyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka ngokushesha.Ukuhlelwa kabusha kwesikhungo kweminyango yethu kahulumeni, Ihhovisi Langaphambili Lezinto Zokwakha Zikahulumeni kwaqedwa.Ukuguqulwa kwezinhlelo zezinkampani zikahulumeni kwaqedwa.Kodwa iyunithi yokuqala ye-brake pad ye-technical focal point ayikacaciswa kabanzi, okuholele ekutheni umsebenzi wokubukeza izindinganiso zomkhakha wezinto ezishayisanayo waseChina wake wema.Eminyakeni yokugcina engu-5 kuya kweyesi-6, ibhuleki, i-transmission lining (block) kanye nokuhlanganiswa (izinto zokungqubuzana) ze-ISO, JIS, JASO, SAE, FMVSS, AK, ECE kanye namanye amazinga omhlaba kanye namazinga athuthukile angaphandle kanye nemithethonqubo ivuselelwa njalo inguqulo.Igebe phakathi kweChina namazinga angaphandle seliphinde lakhula futhi.Ukuze uvumelane nokuthuthukiswa komnotho wezimakethe zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe, ukuqinisa kangcono ukuhwebelana nomphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe, ukwakhiwa kabusha kwe-brake kazwelonke, i-transmission lining (block) kanye ne-assembly (izinto zokungqubuzana) ikomidi le-standardization subtechnical sekuphuthumayo, okuwumsebenzi wamanje wamabhuleki, ulayini kagesi (ibhulokhi) nomsebenzi wemboni yokuhlanganisa okuseqhulwini eChina.
I-5, imikhiqizo yamabhuleki, nakuba kunamazinga kazwelonke, amazinga embonini, amazinga angaphandle athuthukile anohlu olugcwele lwe-ISO, SAE, JASO kanye ne-ECER, imithetho ye-EEC yaseYurophu, njll. , akukhuthazi ukubamba iqhaza komkhiqizo emqhudelwaneni wamazwe ngamazwe, futhi isistimu ekhona evamile ayizwakali, kukhona izindinganiso ze-methodological ezingaphelele.Izindinganiso kazwelonke zomkhiqizo ezingeni eliphansi, okuholela ekuqhudelaneni okungahlelekile embonini, kanye nokwakheka okuhlukene kwamabhizinisi, ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene bokukhiqiza, ezinye izindlela zokuhlola azihlangabezani nezidingo zokukhiqiza, ezinye zidinga ukuthuthukisa.
I-6, amabhizinisi okukhiqiza izinto zokungqubuzana adumile emhlabeni jikelele yi-TMD, i-Pfeiffer, i-Morse, i-Aki Polo, njll., ibhizinisi ngalinye likhiqizwa ngo-100% wezinto zokungqubuzana kwezimoto, ukuthengiswa konyaka kungaphezu kwezigidigidi ezi-5 zama-yuan, ukuqaliswa kwamazinga we-SAE eyisisekelo. Imithetho ye-J ne-ECE namazinga e-AK.
Okwesine, izikhungo ezikhona zaseChina zokuhlola umugqa wamabhuleki.
Izikhungo ezikhona zikazwelonke ezikhona zokuhlola izinto ezisebenzayo zokungqubuzana Zesikhungo Sikazwelonke sokuhlolwa kwemikhiqizo yamaminerali engeyona eyensimbi, Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokuhlola Izingxenye Zezimoto (Changchun);amanye amazinga esifundazwe yi-Zhejiang Auto Parts Testing Center, i-Hubei, i-Shandong, i-Fujian, i-Gansu, i-Chongqing, njll., eyaqhuba ibhizinisi langaphambili le-Zhejiang Auto Parts Testing Center, ibhizinisi lisengcono kune-National Center yemikhiqizo yamaminerali engeyona eyensimbi. ukuhlolwa (Xianyang).
V. Imishini nezindinganiso ezikhona zokuhlola amabhuleki e-China
Ama-brake linings akhona aseShayina angamazinga asebenzayo futhi ayimpoqo kuphela i-GB5763-1998.
Ukuphindaphindeka kwemishini yokuhlola amayunithi kubi kakhulu, ngenxa yomshini wokuhlola isivinini esinqunyiwe umshini ongajwayelekile, ikakhulukazi nge-test disk material ayilinganisiwe, ama-ejensi wokuhlola wesifundazwe emshinini wokuhlola akalinganiswa noma ithuluzi kuphela. ukulinganisa, futhi opharetha abaqeqeshiwe ngokukhethekile, amasampula okuhlola amasayizi ahlukene, ukugaya kokuqala akuqediwe, ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa akukho, isivinini somshini wokuhlola sihlukile, kuhlanganiswe nabakhiqizi abahlukene bemishini yokuhlola, iphutha lomshini wokuhlola kuya ku-15-30% (esiqhathanisweni sokuhlola saminyaka yonke kanye nokuqhathaniswa kwesitshalo sokusingatha), abakhiqizi bemishini yokuhlola abangenalayisense ye-metrology, njll. thola imiphumela izofana.
U-Santa ungumkhiqizi ochwepheshe wamabhuleki namadiski ezimoto e-China, uneminyaka engu-15 yokuhlangenwe nakho okunqwabelene.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-07-2022